This false doctrine is as follows:

Adam as a Celestial being is the father, and Eve is the Mother of the spirits of all mankind.
Adam was a Celestial resurrected being meaning that he had lived a life and died on another world, was then resurrected and then came into the Garden.
Adam came into the Garden of Eden with a Celestial Body, and brought Eve one of his wives with him.
Because Adam was a Celestial Resurrected being - he did not lose this power to resurrect himself when he partook of the forbidden fruit - thus he could raise himself even though he might die.
Adam was the savior of a previous world - he had power to lay it down - and had power to take it up again.
Adam brought the animals and the seeds from another planet to this world.
Adam was not formed - rather he was born.
Adam is Michael the Archangel - who helped make and organize this world.
Adam as a Celestial being partook of the fruit of the garden until he became able to create mortal tabernacles for the human family.
Adam is God the physical father of Jesus Christ, that he took Mary as his wife.

The refutation direct from the first presidency as given in 1910:
"Of course all are familiar with the statements in Gen 1:26,27;2:7; also in the Book of Moses. Pearl of Great Price, 2:27; and in the Book of Abraham 5:76. The latter statement reads
"And the Gods formed man from the dust of the ground, and took his spirit (that is, the man's spirit) and put it into him; and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul.

These are the authentic statements of the scriptures, ancient and modern, and it is best to rest with these until the Lord shall see fit to give more light on the subject. Whether the mortal bodies of man evolved in natural processes to present perfection, through the direction and power of God; whether the first parents of our generations, Adam, and Eve, were transplanted from another sphere, with immortal tabernacles which became corrupted through sin and the partaking of natural foods, in the process of time; whether they were born here in mortality, as other mortals have been, are questions not fully answered in the revealed word of God. For helpful discussion of the subject, see Improvement Era, Vol. XI, August 1908, No. 10, page 778, article "Creation and Growth of Adam" also article by the First Presidency, "Origin of Man" Vol. XIII, No. 1, Page 75, 1909."

https://archive.org/details/improvementera1306unse/page/570/mode/2up

http://www.mormonthink.com/QUOTES/adamgod.htm

Adam - Who was he - where did he come from?
Adam the Archangel - Ensign 1980 October
Time and Eternity: BYU speeches - Robson, Kent E. 
The Seer - early LDS publication

The true doctrine is as follows: See topic Godhead for a more full explanation of the character and attributes of each individual in summary:
There are three distinct separate individuals in the Godhead they are: (The word God is a title)
God the Father - a distinct personage tabernacled in a physical body of flesh and bone - a resurrected being - never to die again.
God the Son - a distinct personage tabernacled in a physical body of flesh and bone - a resurrected being - never to die again.
God the Holy Ghost - a distinct personage tabernacled in a body of spirit - we don't know if he has ever been or will be tabernacled in any other body.
D&C 130:22 The Father has a body of flesh and bones as tangible as mans - the Son also, but the Holy Ghost is a personage of Spirit
Moses 1:11,14 I could not look upon God, except his glory should come upon me and I were transfigured  or else I would have died
D&C 110:3-4    Eyes as a flame of fire, hair white as snow, countenance shone above brightness of sun Voice as rushing of great waters

Who was the Father of Jesus Christ?
Jesus's Christ's literal father is Elohim(Hebrew for GOD) - the father of all of our spirits - a being who is tabernacled in a resurrected celestial and immortal physical body. This body being immortal is eternally immortal never to die again (the definition of the term!).  This being resides upon a planet and is a tangible physical being. We do not know him by any other name than "Father", or "God" both of which words are titles of an individual and not specific names. Thus we don't know the name of this individual except by title.
D&C 76:59-70 Celestial beings - have overcome all things - they shall dwell with God forever and ever - just men made perfect through the atonement

Adam was not the literal father of Jesus Christ.  He is also a son of God and was spiritually born of God in the beginning.  He is the spirit brother of Jesus Christ as are we all. He can be called the father of Jesus Christ - through his daughter Mary the mother of Jesus.  Adam's posterity included David and the lineage of Mary is well documented in the Bible, Thus Mary is of the decadency of Adam and thus Jesus Christ is the son of Adam.  This does not mean that Adam himself begot Jesus Christ. The literal father of Jesus Christ, the only begotten son of God  in the flesh, is God the father - the spiritual father of us all. Adam begot many other children including Cain, Abel and many others.  Thus Christ could not be his only begotten son in the flesh... could he :)

Some say that this references proves otherwise, but let us look at it more closely with the proper interpretation

Additional References:

Diary of Samuel Richards Nov 22, 1853, Vol 2, Page 215 March 25, 1855 

Adam and Eve were made of the dust of the Earth from which they came, -- they brought their bodies with them.  They had lived died and been resurected before they came here and they came with immortal bodies, and had to partake of the fruits of this Earth in order to bring forth Mortal bodies, or natural bodies, that their seed might be of the dust of this Earth as they were of the dust of the earth from which they came.

Diary of Wilford Woodruff May 6, 1855 

Adam and Eve had lived upon another earth, and were immortal when they came here. Adam assisted in forming this earth and agreed to fall when he came here, and he fell that man might be. And to oppose the principle of good, the Devil, the serpent, was placed upon the earth that man might know the good from the evil, for without an experience in these things, man could not know the one from the other. s soon as the devil was on earth, he sowed the seeds of death in everything so as soon as they began to eat of the fruit of the earth, they received into their system the seeds of mortality and of death, so their children were mortal and subject to death, sorrow, pain and woe. Then when they partook of life, joy, ease and happiness, they would know how to prize it.

You will note that Adam and Eve did live upon another earth before they were on this earth.  They lived as spirits with our Father in Heaven, and thus when they came here received bodies, partook of the fruit and became mortal.  Furthermore, we know that Adam did assist in the forming of this earth while yet a spirit.  Nothing contradictory from what we already know.

Journal of Discourses 1:50-51
My next sermon will be to both Saint and sinner. One thing has remained a mystery in this kingdom up to this day. It is in regard to the character of the well-beloved Son of God, upon which subject the Elders of Israel have conflicting views. Our God and Father in heaven, is a being of tabernacle, or, in other words, He has a body, with parts the same as you and I have; and is capable of showing forth His works to organized beings, as, for instance, in the world in which we live, it is the result of the knowledge and infinite wisdom that dwell in His organized body. His son Jesus Christ has become a personage of tabernacle, and has a body like his father. The Holy Ghost is the Spirit of the Lord, and issues forth from Himself, and may properly be called God's minister to execute His will in immensity; being called to govern by His influence and power; but He is not a person of tabernacle as we are, and as our Father in Heaven and Jesus Christ are. The question has been, and is often, asked, who it was that begat the Son of the Virgin Mary. The infidel world have concluded that if what the Apostles wrote about his father and mother be true, and the present marriage discipline acknowledged by Christendom be correct, then Christians must believe that God is the father of an illegitimate son, in the person of Jesus Christ! The infidel fraternity teach that to their disciples. I will tell you how it is. Our  Father in Heaven begat all the spirits that ever were, or ever will be, upon this earth; and they were born spirits in the eternal world. Then the Lord by His power and wisdom organized the mortal tabernacle of man. We were made first spiritual, and afterwards temporal.
Commentary/Interpretation:
These statements are true in that our heavenly Father(GOD), and his son Jesus Christ(GOD) are both tabernacled in a body of flesh and blood whereas the Holy Ghost(GOD) is tabernacled in a body of spirit which is also of a form of matter but different than a resurrected being or a temporal being such as we are. It is also true that our Father in Heaven begat all the spirits that ever were, or ever will be upon this earth - they were born spirits in the eternal world.
Notice that Adam was upon this earth - and was born a spirit in the eternal world - his father being the father of us all in the spirit GOD.

Now hear it, O inhabitants of the earth, Jew and Gentile, Saint and sinner! When our father Adam came into the garden of Eden, he came into it with a celestial body, and brought Eve, one of his wives, with him. He helped to make and organize this world. He is Michael, the Archangel, the Ancient of Days! about whom holy men have written and spoken—He is our Father and our God, and the only God with whom we have to do. Every man upon the earth, professing Christians or non-professing, must hear it, and will know it sooner or later. They came here, organized the raw material, and arranged in their order the herbs of the field, the trees, the apple, the peach, the plum, the pear, and every other fruit that is desirable and good for man; the seed was brought from another sphere, and planted in this earth. The thistle, the thorn, the brier, and the obnoxious weed did not appear until after the earth was cursed. When Adam and Eve had eaten of the forbidden fruit, their bodies became mortal from its effects, and therefore their offspring were mortal. When the Virgin Mary conceived the child Jesus, the Father had begotten him in his own likeness. He was not begotten by the Holy Ghost. And who is the Father? He is the first of the human family; and when he took a tabernacle, it was begotten by his Father in heaven, after the same manner as the tabernacles of Cain, Abel, and the rest of the sons and daughters of Adam and Eve; from the fruits of the earth, the first earthly tabernacles were originated by the Father, and so on in succession.

Commentary:
Remember that the word "God" is a title and can be applied to multiple individuals much as the word "Father" is a title as well.

When our father Adam came into the garden of Eden he came into it with a Terrestrial body and brought Eve with him. Adam, as a spirit, was involved with the organization and creation of this world.  His name was Michael, the Archangel, before he was born. Adam was involved in the organization of the earth as a spirit.  The earth was organized from pre-existent matter and was made acceptable for the abode of telestial/terrestrial beings.  The earth in its initial state was in a paradisiacal state "Terrestrial" and fell to a lower state "Telestrial" when Adam and Eve partook of the forbidden fruit. Thus there was an actual "Fall" in glory from a higher to a lower glory this included the introduction of death into the world because of his fall. The offspring of Adam and Even became mortal and subject unto death. Whereas before the fall they were not.
D&C 27:11 Michael is known as Adam - the ancient of days
D&C 107:55-56 Adam is set to be the head - a multitude of nations shall come of him - he is a prince over them forever!
Revelation 12:7-9 War in Heaven - Michael fought against the devil - he was cast out of heaven
2 Nephi 2:19-23 If Adam had not transgressed he would not have fallen - would have remained in Garden forever - no change
2 Nephi 2:22-26 Adam fell that men might be - men are that they might have Joy - all men are free to choose life or death
Ensign Jan 1994 Adam led the forces of God against the armies of Lucifer in the War in Heaven.

Abraham 3:22-25 Many spirit individuals involved in the creation of the earth - purpose to prove if they will obey

Adam is the progenitor of all mankind upon the face of the earth - he is the father of us all, and will be forever and ever because he is the father of all mankind's mortal body.  Thus the title "God" can apply to him in one way as the head of the family of God, even Jesus Christ is his son through Mary.  What an awesome responsibility and stewardship to be the father of all - and have all mankind directly connected to him as their father! Thus the title of "God" of all mankind can apply to Adam, although this person is a different person than "God" the father of all mankind's spirits.

Who is the Father then of Jesus Christ?
He is the first of the human family - He is the begriming - the first - the creator - the source of the human family - the father of their spirits before the world even was!

God the father of our spirits was once like his children - and progressed in the same way that they will progress.  He himself took upon himself a tabernacle having been a spirit, experienced this mortal experience, died and was resurrected.  The pattern of progression is the same for any spirit including God.  This Plan of Salvation has been around for all eternity to all eternity and is the means by which individual spirits can progress and become exalted.  This progression goes from spirit body -> temporal body -> resurrected body.
This is described as: See topic Exaltation
God himself obtained a tabernacle of the flesh - in the same way Cain, Abel and the rest did.  Even in the same way that we did through a mortal mother.  He lived upon an earth, passed through a temporal state and was resurrected the same as we all.  He is now an immortal being residing in heaven with the title of "God" and is the father of all of our spirits.  This being is not Adam.  He is "God" the father of us all.. including Adam.

Can you not see with this interpretation how all of the rest of the comments fall into place and are in accordance with the scriptures?

I could tell you much more about this; but were I to tell you the whole truth, blasphemy would be nothing to it, in the estimation of the superstitious and over righteous of mankind. However, I have told you the truth as far as I have gone. I have heard men preach upon the divinity of Christ, and exhaust all the wisdom they possessed. All Scripturalists, and approved theologians who were considered exemplary for piety and education, have undertaken to expound on this subject, in every age of the Christian era; and after they have done all, they are obliged to conclude by exclaiming "great is the mystery of godliness," and tell nothing.
It is true that the earth was organized by three distinct characters, namely, Eloheim, Yahovah, and Michael, these three forming a quorum, as in all heavenly bodies, and in organizing element, perfectly represented in the Deity, as Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.

Another Source:
Deseret News June 18, 1873

My brother said that God is as we are. He did not mean those words to be literally understood.  He meant simply, that in our organization we have all the properties in embryo in our bodies that our Father has in his, and that literally, morally, socially, by the spirit and by the flesh we are his children.  Do you think that God who holds the eternities in his hands and can do all things at his pleasure, is not capable of sending forth his own children, and forming this flesh for his own offspring?

Where is the mystery in this?  We say that Father Adam came here and helped to make the earth.  Who is he? He is Michael, a great prince, and it was said to him by Eloheim, "Go ye and make an earth"
What is the great mystery about it? He came and formed the earth.  

Geologists tell us that it was here millions of years ago.  How do they know?  They know nothing about it.  But suppose it was here, what of it?  

Adam found it in a state of chaos, unorganized and incomplete.

Philosophers, again, in talking of the development of the products of the earth, for instance, in the vegetable kingdom say the little fibers grew first, then they larger vegetation.  When this preparatory stage was completed then came the various orders of the animal creation; and finally man appeared.  No matter whether these notions are true or not, they are more or less speculative.  Adam came here and got it up in a shape that would suit him to commence business.

What is the great mystery about it? None, that I have seen.  The mystery in this, as with miracles, or anything else, is only to those who are ignorant.

Father Adam came here, and then they brought his wife.  "Well" says one, "Why was Adam called Adam?"  He was the first man on the earth, and its framer and maker.  He with the help of his brethren, brought it into existence.

Then he(meaning God/Eloheim) said, "I want my children who are in the spirit world to come and live here.  I once dwelt upon an earth something like this, in a mortal state, I was faithful, I received my crown and exaltation.  I have the privilege of extending my work, and to its increase there will be no end.  I want my children that were born to me in the spirit world to come here and take tabernacles of flesh that their spirits may have a home, a tabernacle or a dwelling place as mine has, and where is the mystery?

Commentary:
Eloheim told Adam to go and make an earth.  Duh... Adam didn't tell Adam to go and make an earth Eloheim did.  Thus God the Father told Adam to go and make an earth - which he did.
Then later in the article it explicitly states that father Adam came, and then they (meaning the Gods Eloheim) brought his wife.  Adam isn't Eloheim he isn't the Gods who brought him his wife.
The only real issue here is the misunderstanding of the word he being Adam and not Eloheim.  The rest makes perfect sense.


Commentary:
The Godhead is the governing body in heaven with God the father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost.  However, God delegates his authority to man via a heirchy as well. as described by Joseph Smith.
Adam held the keys of the First Presidency and stood directly after the Savior in authority (see Teachings, p. 168). He received those keys in the Creation, according to the Prophet Joseph Smith, who added, “Christ is the Great High Priest; Adam next” (Teachings, pp. 157–58).

Again, they will try to tell how the divinity of Jesus is joined to his humanity, and exhaust all their mental faculties, and wind up with this profound language, as describing the soul of man, "it is an immaterial substance!" What a learned idea! Jesus, our elder brother, was begotten in the flesh by the same character that was in the garden of Eden, and who is our Father in Heaven. Now, let all who may hear these doctrines, pause before they make light of them, or treat them with indifference, for they will prove their salvation or damnation.

Commentary:
Jesus who is our elder brother was begotten in the flesh by that same character who was in the garden of Eden.  This individual is Eloheim, or God the father who was in the garden of Eden with Adam, and who is our father in heaven.

Summary:
The Journal of Discourses must be interpreted with and according to the scriptures and additional canonical sources in order to have a proper interpretation of doctrine.  This source is less than authoritative, and should only be accepted as doctrine if it is not contradicted by more authoritative sources such as the scriptures, the ensign, etc.

I hope you can see the proper interpretation of the words in this discourse as remembered and written down in a journal, hours and perhaps even days after.
Theron